Sure enough, fenfluramine activated the brain's receptors with a flood of serotonin, just like MDMA. Even without dopamine, the mice still had an increase in social behavior.
So, why not just use fenfluramine in humans? The daily intake of high-dose serotonin was found to be damaging in humans, and cardiovascular side effects have also been observed in recreational MDMA users. But in clinical settings, MDMA is used in a controlled environment, and usually paired with other therapies. Heifets says MDMA as a medication would be used very differently than a typical prescription, with patients only taking the drug a handful of times alongside a therapist, as opposed to a daily pill.
Serotonin is already used to treat mental health conditions, so altering MDMA to bring out its hormone-distributing effects may not be that big of a stretch. SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are a class of drugs used commonly for anxiety and depression. That's where MDMA comes in.
National Institutes of Health. Drug Topics. More Drug Topics. Quick Links. About NIDA. This can lead to a spike in body temperature that can occasionally result in liver, kidney, or heart failure or even death.
Read more about drug use and hepatitis. Much of the Molly seized by the police contains additives such as cocaine, ketamine, methamphetamine, over-the-counter cough medicine, or synthetic cathinones "bath salts".
These substances may be extremely dangerous if the person does not know what he or she is taking. They may also be dangerous when combined with MDMA. People who purposely or unknowingly combine such a mixture with other substances, such as marijuana and alcohol, may be putting themselves at even higher risk for harmful health effects.
Research results vary on whether MDMA is addictive. MDMA was first used in the s as an aid in psychotherapy mental disorder treatment using "talk therapy". The drug did not have the support of clinical trials studies using humans or approval from the U. Table of Contents View All. Table of Contents. Long-Lasting Effects. Changes in Brain Activity.
Impact of Other Drugs. Additional Effects. Unborn Children. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Sign Up. What are your concerns? Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
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